One of the well -known quotes: "In fact, parasites killed many more people than all wars in history."Surprisingly, as a simple, sometimes cellular creature, it is possible to delay the work of a large organism.People are left in debt.Methods have been developed that allow you to determine the parasitic invasion at an early stage and start treatment in a timely manner.In adults, parasites analysis can be transferred to both ordinary state hospital and private clinics laboratory.
Who are the parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are numerous groups of organisms that can exist only because of the owner's resources.They can't live their lives.In the human body, parasites are fixed to the skin (bugs, mites), in the gastrointestinal tract (ascariasis, pinworms).In the gut, the most favorable environment for the vital activity of the parasite.There are also creatures that live in lymph vessels (filiria), the mucous membranes of the internal organs (trematoda).To obtain a stronghold in the host's body, worms and protozoas use suction cups, nuts, clothes, bird plates or heavy hair.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and their colony, using modern laboratory diagnosis methods.What tests should be performed in adults for parasites:
- Histological study of feces.
- Serological studies (blood tests): Immunosorbent analysis (Elisu), indirect hemagglutination reaction (RNG), immunofluorescence reaction (reef or kuns method), competent mandatory reaction.
- PCR analysis.
Often the diagnosis is difficult because not all parasitosis characterizes clinical manifestations and not all methods are equally susceptible.What is called the analysis that should be taken will tell the attending physician.It is often recommended to take a comprehensive analysis for parasites.
What is the danger of parasites
Parasitic invasions significantly reduce human immunity.Immunity is one of the components of the body regulating system.With immunodeficiency:
Be careful
According to statistics, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even think that you are a victim of parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body with a single symptom - an unpleasant odor from the mouth.Ask your loved ones if you have the smell of mouth in the morning (before brushing your teeth).If so, 99% likely to be infected with parasites.
Parasites infection causes neurosis, rapid fatigue, drastic changes in mood, more serious diseases begin to subsequently.
In menParasites cause: prostatitis, impotence, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and bladder.
In women: Pain and ovarian inflammation.Fibroma, myoma, fibrous acid mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys.Also heart and cancer.
We immediately want to warn you that you do not need to go to the pharmacy and buy expensive medicines, which, according to pharmacists, will fix all the parasites.Most drugs are extremely ineffective, besides they do great damage to the body:
- The risk of virus infection increases;
- The level of antioxidant and antioxidant and antioxidant is reduced;
- Vascular permeability and malfunction are disorders of hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause serious allergic reactions.
Helminants also have a direct detrimental effect.They are attached to the internal organs with sharp hooks or plates, which mechanically damages the mucous membranes.The normal work of the affected body is disrupted.
Helminth's activity damages the body at the molecular level.Decreased insulin synthesis, growth factor and collagen.This results in the slowdown of growth and physical development processes.The absorption of the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by minor chronic blood loss from the affected organs.
Recent scientific studies have shown that worms in the intestines distinguish specific toxins that inhibit the actions of cytokines.These are information molecules that regulate intracellular contacts.They give the cell information about the external environment.If there is free space, then the cell can divide.Blocking of cytokines can lead to tumors.Cytokines also provide an agreed reaction of immune, nervous and hormonal systems to the action of foreign agents.
Reasons for delivery of analysis to parasites
When infected with individual parasites, a person may not feel any symptoms.Over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection begins to manifest itself.It is necessary to perform parasite tests if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain during various localization, which can occur spontaneously or on palpation.
The nature of the symptoms depends on the type of parasites.Itching and burning in the anal region cause pinworms.Askarides provoke due to severe allergic reactions as well as abdominal pain.Lambia, echinococci and bikondumuri affect the liver.They are often biliary tract and cholestasis (bile stagnation), gall bladder inflammation.Light stools with fat drops are one of the main signs of liver and pancreatic pathology.A symptom of a parasitic effect on the liver and gall bladder is pain in the right hippocondium.
If some of the following symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital to get the parasites in the body on time.It is necessary to perform regular preventive tests for parasites for children, people who live or work with animals.If raw, sloping, slightly salted meat, lard or fish regularly consume food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to regularly check the identification of parasites.
A detailed coprogram
Histological Coprogram is a microscopic study of feces for eggs, larvae or traces of vital action of parasites.A detailed feces analysis is a universal method of detecting intestinal helminths (pinworms, ascaris, ankilost, plum -head).
How to get fecal analysis.You need to buy a special sterile container at the pharmacy.It is filled with a third of the volume of fecal masses.Before defecation, urination is necessary so that the urine does not fall into the sample.The roof of the filled container is tightly wrapped.
Biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, after this time it is no longer suitable for research.One week before the analysis, you should stop taking any drug, excluding fried and fatty dishes.On the day before the fence of the material, you cannot place rectal candles, drink soothing or make enemas.
The main drawback of the coprogram is low efficiency (about 35%).Helminths do not lay eggs every day.Thus, feces analysis for parasites should be taken three times at an interval of 3-5 days.Normally, the effects of the disorder can be achieved 4-6 days after childbirth.
Scraping of parasites
Scrap or smear from the anus area is only for diagnosis of enterobiosis (pinworms).Smear is taken in two ways:
- Using a special spatula or cotton wool;
- With the help of adhesive tape.
Spatula can be purchased at the pharmacy.Remove the smear around the anus and vessels.The procedure can be performed at home or in the clinic.The fence of the material is carried in the morning, until you can not wash it or the double.If the scrap is made at home, then the spatula should be placed in a sealed container or bag, and on the same day in the lab.You can get the result of the analysis tomorrow.In order to determine the exact diagnosis, the analysis of parasites must be presented several times in a row.
Blood tests
You can donate blood on parasites.This is a universal object of laboratory research.By changing its composition, you can judge pathologies in the body.How to detect parasites, to examine blood, what tests are donated?Immunosorbent analysis is performed for antibodies and antigens, indirect hemuglutination and immunofluorescence.In the blood test in general, in the presence of parasitic infection in the body, eosinophil levels rise.
Eli
Immunoformal analysis (ELISA) allows you to determine the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin (antibodies) in the blood that arise in response to the invasion of foreign agents (antigens).IFA analysis is a highly sensitive method that allows you to identify antigens in small quantities.With its help, you can accurately determine the type of parasites, the number of colony, as well as the process of development.
ELISA is deciphered for parasites in the human body according to five classes of antibodies.To determine the diagnosis of helminth invasion, there are enough immunoglobulins from only three classes:
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM).They occur 4 days after the infection, in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IgM indicates intensive reproduction of foreign agents.
- Immunoglobulins G (IgG).They enter the blood for 20-28 days after the infection, can be plasma for several months or years.The presence of IgG indicates infection.
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA).They arise from the penetration of pathogenic organisms two weeks later, disappearing after 5-8 weeks.The presence of IgA indicates infection or cleanses the body.
For Eliza, a blood sample passes on an empty stomach in the morning.
Rnia
Indirect hemuglutination reaction is most specific and susceptible to all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells to the action of a variety of antigen has been studied.Evaluate the nature and intensity of red blood cell precipitation.With a high and dramatically intense reaction, the tube is covered with adhesive red blood cells.The results of the analysis are deciphered by the attending physician.
Rnie
An indirect reaction to immunofluorescence allows you to determine the complex of antigen-antibodes.To do this, a blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins containing fluorochrome.Thereafter, the sample is studied under the fluorescent microscope.
The results are evaluated by the intensity of yellow-green shine.High titers indicate the presence of helminth invasion.The attending physician is involved in decoding the results of the analysis.
Rsk
An anti -antigen antibody is produced by an immune complex that can connect to a complement system.This is based on the RSK method (mandatory complementary reaction).If the antigen-antibody complex is not formed, then it will fill the free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis by PCR
The reaction of a polymerase chain is a modern and highly accurate research method.With its help, you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, as well as intracellular parasites.Blood and other biological fluids are suitable for analysis.
The result of a polymerase chain reaction is the deciphered DNA of the parasite.You can accurately determine the type of pathogenic organism.The disadvantage of PCR is that it is impossible to find out the number of parasites and the stage of disease development.
Conclusion
Parasites identification analysis should be done for all people.Regular examinations will help to avoid huge health problems that provoke these small beings.Which method of analysis is better to choose, your doctor will tell you.